Wolfberries, also known as goji berries, are bright orange-red berries that come from a Chinese medicinal plant called Lycium barbarum. Wolfberries have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine and cuisine and are praised for their high antioxidant content and nutrient density. However, when it comes to pregnancy, some mothers-to-be wonder – is it safe to eat wolfberries during pregnancy? This article will provide an overview of wolfberries, examine their traditional uses, evaluate existing safety research, and offer expert opinions to help shed light on the benefits and potential risks of wolfberries during pregnancy.
What are the Effects of Wolfberry?
Wolfberries are known as a "superfruit" due to their exceptional nutritional profile and health-promoting compounds:
- Excellent source of vitamin C, vitamin A, zinc, fiber, iron, and antioxidants like zeaxanthin and carotenoids [1].
- Contain antioxidant polysaccharides and phenolic pigments that protect cells from oxidative damage [2].
- Provide a variety of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that serve important roles in health maintenance.
- Thought to support immune function, vision, skin, and general wellbeing in traditional Chinese medicine practices [3].
Overall, wolfberries offer a nutritious fruit option with science-backed benefits for health. But what does this mean for pregnant women?
What is the Purpose of Wolfberry in Chinese Medicine?
In traditional Chinese medicine, wolfberries are believed to replenish and nourish the body’s “qi” or life force. Among pregnant women, wolfberries have been consumed to:
- Provide dense, easy-to-digest nourishment to support fetal growth [4].
- Boost energy levels and alleviate fatigue during pregnancy [5].
- Address imbalances thought to contribute to common pregnancy discomforts like nausea, dizziness, or irritability [6].
However, traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes personalization, and chinese wolfberry extract preparations would be tailored to each woman's needs by a knowledgeable practitioner.
Safety Considerations for Pregnant Women
Despite traditional use, recent guidance recommends caution with wolfberries during pregnancy:
- Wolfberries contain low levels of antioxidants like selenium and betaine, which are beneficial in moderation but can be risky in excess [7].
- The high fiber content may cause digestive upset in some pregnant women leading to cramps or diarrhea.
- Unpasteurized/raw wolfberries may harbor bacteria like Listeria or E. coli that pose pregnancy risks [8]. Thoroughly cooked preparations are advised.
- Allergies to wolfberries are rare but possible. Discontinue use if signs of food allergy appear [9].
- Interactions with other supplements, medications, or herbs are understudied. A healthcare provider should be informed of use.
Moderation is key, as both nutrient deficiencies and excesses can be problematic. Maximum 1 oz wolfberry consumption per day is a reasonable guideline [10].
Nutritional Support for Pregnancy
Wolfberries offer an excellent nutritional profile to support maternal and fetal health during pregnancy:
- High in Vitamin A - wolfberries provide over 100% DV of vitamin A per ounce, which supports vision, bone growth, and immune function [11].
- Source of Iron - approximately 14% DV iron per ounce aids healthy blood cell production and oxygen circulation [12].
- Fiber boost - 4 grams of fiber per ounce encourages regularity and healthy digestion for mothers [13].
- Antioxidants like zeaxanthin cross the placenta to protect embryonic cells from oxidative damage [14].
However, variety and balance with other nutrient-dense foods remain key for meeting all nutritional requirements during pregnancy. Wolfberry powder can be a helpful addition within moderation.
Scientific Research and Evidence
Limited scientific research exists on wolfberry consumption specifically during pregnancy:
- One study gave pregnant rats daily wolfberry extract with no adverse effects on dams or offspring [15]. However, human data is lacking.
- Research confirms raw wolfberries may contain dangerous bacteria and should always be thoroughly cooked before eating during pregnancy [16].
- Some preliminary evidence notes wolfberry's high iron content may inhibit absorption of zinc, magnesium and other nutrients [17], warranting caution with overconsumption.
Overall, no major studies to date demonstrate wolfberries are unsafe during pregnancy. But research evidence directly supporting their use is also minimal. More investigation is still needed.
Expert Opinions and Recommendations
Most experts advise moderate intake of wolfberries if no contraindications are present:
- Many health providers recommend incorporating wolfberries as part of a varied, well-balanced pregnancy diet within reasonable portions [18].
- Checking with a doctor before use is advised, especially if pregnant women have underlying conditions or allergies. [19]
- Overconsumption should be avoided, as excess of any food can cause digestive upset or provide excessive nutrients during pregnancy.
- Nutritionists emphasize that wolfberries are not a substitute for medical care during pregnancy and do not "cure" common discomforts on their own.
Until more research is done, incorporating cooked, pasteurized wolfberries sparingly within an overall healthy prenatal diet is reasonable for most women with uncomplicated pregnancies. But consulting a healthcare provider is always recommended.
What are Superfoods for Pregnancy?
Some top superfoods to include during pregnancy include:
- Lentils, beans and chickpeas for folate and fiber [20].
- Salmon and sardines for omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA [21].
- Broccoli and dark leafy greens for vitamins and minerals [22].
- Yogurt for calcium, potassium and probiotics [23].
- Berries like blueberries and raspberries for antioxidants.
- Nuts and seeds like walnuts, flax and chia for plant-based protein and nutrients [24].
Focusing on a varied diet with emphasis on fruits/vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, nuts/seeds and healthy fats covers nutritional needs during pregnancy.
Conclusion
In summary, while wolfberries provide dense nutrition, consumers should exercise some caution before incorporating them into pregnancy diets. Traditional uses can offer guidance but may require modern safety precautions. As with any new food during pregnancy, moderating intake and discussing use with a doctor is wise. While wolfberries show promise for providing nutritional support if no contraindications exist, more research is still needed to confirm evidence-based benefits and define safe intake levels for pregnant women. Until more conclusive data is available, wolfberry consumption should be approached with the same careful consideration as other nutrient-dense pregnancy superfoods – as part of a thoughtful, balanced diet, within reasonable portions, and with approval from your healthcare provider.
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References
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3. Zhu JS et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides therapeutically improve hepatic functions in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats and cellular steatosis model. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):5587.
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13. USDA FoodData Central. Wolfberries, dried. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170562/nutrients. Accessed February 19, 2023.
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