Polygonum cuspidatum, also known as Japanese knotweed, has become a popular herbal supplement due to its high levels of resveratrol. Resveratrol is a polyphenol antioxidant linked to benefits like lower inflammation, heart health, and anti-aging effects. Polygonum cuspidatum extract has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. Today, it’s gaining traction worldwide as a source of resveratrol.
This article explores what Polygonum cuspidatum extract is, its traditional uses, active compounds like resveratrol, its health benefits, skincare applications, and more. Read on to learn more about this unique herbal extract.
What is Polygonum cuspidatum extract?
Polygonum cuspidatum extract powder is derived from the root and rhizomes of the Polygonum cuspidatum plant, a traditional Asian medicinal used for conditions like arthritis, pain, skin infections, and cardiovascular diseases. To produce the extract, the root and underground stems are harvested, dried, and then water or alcohol extracted to concentrate the bioactive compounds.
The Polygonum cuspidatum plant is also referred to by its botanical synonym Reynoutria japonica, and common names like Japanese knotweed, Mexican bamboo, and fleeceflower. In Japanese it is known as itadori, meaning “remove pain”.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Polygonum cuspidatum treats cough, hepatitis, and inflammation. Japanese herbalists used it for circulatory disorders and improving women’s health. Polygonum cuspidatum was also valued for its antiviral activity.
In some Asian cuisines, Polygonum cuspidatum is consumed as a food. The shoots are used like asparagus, the leaves used like spinach, and the roots have a similar taste to rhubarb. It also may be used to make sweets, jam, wine, and tea.
Is Polygonum cuspidatum resveratrol?
While Polygonum cuspidatum extract does contain resveratrol, it is not composed entirely of resveratrol. The extract contains a number of bioactive compounds in addition to resveratrol, including:
- Polydatin - A glucoside precursor to resveratrol that may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Polydatin converts to resveratrol in the body.
- Anthraquinones - Class of compounds with laxative effects that may also provide antioxidant benefits. Emodin is a common anthraquinone.
- Stilbenes - Phytochemicals related to resveratrol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidisease effects. Piceatannol is another stilbene present.
- Quinones - Organic compounds with purported anti-aging and neuroprotective effects.
So in summary, while resveratrol is certainly a key component and the most researched active compound in Polygonum cuspidatum, it is not the only beneficial plant chemical present. The extract contains a spectrum of biologically active polyphenols, anthraquinones, stilbenes, and other compounds that likely work synergistically to produce the observed health benefits.
Resveratrol is abundant in Polygonum cuspidatum, found in concentrations many times higher than other common dietary sources like red wine or peanuts. However resveratrol does not act alone, and the combination of beneficial compounds in Polygonum cuspidatum extract powder may provide additional therapeutic value. More research is illuminating the unique pharmacological profile of this traditional botanical medicine.
How much resveratrol is in Polygonum cuspidatum?
Polygonum cuspidatum contains very high levels of resveratrol compared to other plant sources. Specifically, research indicates:
- The roots and root extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum contain some of the highest resveratrol concentrations found in nature, ranging from 0.1% to 1.7% resveratrol by dry weight.
- This is much higher than other common dietary sources. For example, red wine contains about 1.5–3 mg resveratrol per liter, while peanuts have around 0.02 mg per 100g.
- In contrast, 100g of Polygonum cuspidatum root powder could provide up to 170 mg of resveratrol. The concentration found in the plant depends on factors like geographic origin, time of harvest, plant genetics, and extraction method.
- In supplement form, popular doses range from 20mg to 500mg of Polygonum cuspidatum extract, providing around 20-50mg of active resveratrol per dose.
- Since the body absorbs and utilizes resveratrol in its glycosylated form better than trans-resveratrol, Polygonum cuspidatum sources that contain higher levels of piceid (a glycoside of resveratrol) may exhibit greater bioavailability.
In summary, Polygonum cuspidatum is an exceptionally abundant source of resveratrol in comparison to other foods and herbs. Consuming Polygonum cuspidatum extract allows one to obtain much higher, more pharmaceutically relevant doses of resveratrol than possible through diet alone. This makes it an ideal botanical for accessing the unique health benefits of this antioxidant polyphenol.
What does resveratrol do to the body?
Resveratrol exhibits a range of biological activities that may benefit health:
A powerful antioxidant that neutralizes damaging free radicals
Anti-inflammatory effects that inhibit inflammatory enzymes
Vasorelaxant effects to support circulatory health
Modulates lipids and may reduce atherosclerosis
May activate sirtuins linked to longevity
Neuroprotective effects in the brain
Photo-protective benefits for skin health
Overall, resveratrol supports cellular health and protects against degenerative disease. More human research is still needed to fully understand its mechanisms.
Active compounds and health benefits of Polygonum cuspidatum extract
Resveratrol The key bioactive compound in Polygonum cuspidatum linked to a variety of benefits:
a. Resveratrol is a stilbene antioxidant found in grape skins and Polygonum cuspidatum. It neutralizes cell-damaging free radicals and protects DNA.
b. Research shows resveratrol activates antioxidative enzymes, reduces inflammation, modulates lipids, supports heart health, and may have anti-aging effects by activating sirtuins.
Studies indicate Polygonum cuspidatum extract powder may support cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure, arterial plaque, and platelet aggregation. Animal studies show potential vascular protective effects.
The anti-inflammatory activity of resveratrol may benefit arthritis, joint pain, and inflammatory conditions. Resveratrol appears to inhibit inflammatory mediators like COX-2.
Early research suggests resveratrol may enhance immune cell function. In a study, Polygonum cuspidatum extract enhanced natural killer cell activity. More human research is still needed.
Other reported benefits being researched include neuroprotective effects, skin protection from UV radiation damage, anti-diabetic effects, and anti-disease properties though human evidence is limited thus far.
Is Polygonum cuspidatum root extract good for skin?
Yes, topical Polygonum cuspidatum root extract shows promise for improving several signs of skin aging. The resveratrol has antioxidant effects that protect the skin from UV damage. Studies indicate it may reduce wrinkles, pigmentation, and inflammation when applied to the skin. Topical application also appears to boost collagen synthesis for smoother, firmer skin. Polygonum cuspidatum is used in anti-aging creams and solutions focused on restoring a more youthful complexion.
Potential applications and usage of Polygonum cuspidatum extract
Dietary supplements and capsules: Polygonum cuspidatum extract powder is available as a dietary supplement, often combined with other antioxidants like vitamin C and E. Typical resveratrol capsule doses range from 20-500 mg per day. Consult a doctor for appropriate usage.
Topical creams and skincare products: Topicals like serums, gels and creams contain the antioxidant resveratrol in Polygonum cuspidatum for anti-aging skin benefits, often paired with brightening vitamins. Apply as directed.
Culinary uses: The roots can be consumed as food. Some chefs use the roots like horseradish for a spicy kick. Others value the pretty pink shoots and purple flowers as edible garnishes. It’s also used traditionally to infuse vinegar. Further culinary exploration may yield creative new uses.
Conclusion
Polygonum cuspidatum extract is an herbal supplement that has been used for centuries in Asia. Today, it is valued for its high resveratrol content linked to wide-ranging health benefits, from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to cardiovascular and joint support.
Emerging research shows its promising applications both internal and topical for wellness. Polygonum cuspidatum extract is now commonly found in dietary supplements, skincare solutions, and even culinary creations as interest in this powerhouse ingredient grows worldwide.
While more human studies are still needed, incorporating Polygonum cuspidatum extract into one’s health and wellness regimen may provide protective cellular benefits that support overall well-being.
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References:
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4. Chang, J., Rimando, A., Pallas, M. et al. "Low-dose pterostilbene, but not resveratrol, is a potent neuromodulator in aging and Alzheimer's disease." Neurobiology of Aging. (2012) 33(9): 2062-2071.
5. Rimando, A.M. and Suh, N. "Biological/chemopreventive activity of stilbenes and their effect on colon disease." Planta Med. (2008) 74(13): 1635-1643.